Gastroenterology is the study and treatment of normal functions and diseases of the digestive system. It includes the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) starting from the esophagus, epiglottis, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, colon, rectum, anus, and other vital organs such as the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver.
The GI tract serves one of the most vital roles in our body, digesting and transporting the food from the stomach to the intestine, absorbing nutrients from the digested food along the way, and removing the waste products from the body. Understanding its normal physiology is essential for gastroenterologists in order to detect conditions such as hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, colon polyps and cancer, colitis and pancreatic diseases, etc. In essence, the study of all the normal activities, disorders, and diseases of the digestive organs are part of Gastroenterology.